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University Writing Board
Designing and Assessing Student Writing Workshop
Friday, October 8, 2004

Welcome and Free Write
Pauline Uchmanowicz, Chair, Writing Board

Overview of the Grading Cycle
Mary Sawyer

Writing Assignments and Grading Rubrics
Peter Kaufman
Maureen Morrow
John Sharp

Tips for Assigning and Grading Writing in Large Classes
Pauline Uchmanowicz

Designing and Improving Student Writing Assignments
Jan Schmidt


Follow this link for a copy of the 10 most troublesome grammar errors

Participants were given four selected “readings” in advance of the workshop:
    Peter Elbow’s “Ranking, Evaluating, and Liking: Sorting Out Three Forms of Judgment” as well as Cherryl Smith and Angus Dunstan’s “Grade the Learning, Not the Writing” (For examples of practical advice (including sample grids and checklists) for creating grading criteria or evaluating and commenting on student papers).
    Lynn Bloom’s “Why I (Used to) Hate to Give Grades” as well as Lad Tobin’s checklist of things teachers think about when grading that we “are not supposed to think about when we give grades” (for philosophical considerations about grading).
    Participants were asked to bring to the workshop a student-writing assignment for which s/he wished to create or improve the design, checklist of criteria, or rubric for grading.

Welcome, Free Write, Introductions

Pauline Uchmanowicz
Chair, Writing Board

Participant questions generated in response to the free write (what is your greatest concern with regard to student writing assignments):
What is the appropriate philosophy of grading?
    What is the power of grades?
    To motivate/ encourage better work?
    Should the final course grade be the average or the end achievements?
    Can we get rid of grades all together?
    Am I ‘guilty’ of grade inflation?
    Should I have different standards for ESL students?
    How do take life experience/ self-awareness into account for a grade?
    How do I give substantive comments that get beyond the repair of line edit problems?
    What type of feedback effectively deals with mechanical vs. content issues?
    What type of feedback will communicate a B vs. an A?
    What type of feedback will communicate organization/ effective communication?
How do I design meaningful assignments?
    Meaningful objectives
    Meaningful content
    Process of development
Should I/how do I use peer review?
Should I/how do I use group projects?
Should I/how do I use rewriting?
    Line editing vs. content feedback How many times
    Assessment for final grade
What defines/ allows the assignment of an A vs. a B grade?
    Role of gut reaction
    Various student experience levels

Overview of the Grading Cycle

Mary Sawyer

Mary asked participants to free write on the writing cycle in response to: Where in the diagram do you ask students to participate in a meaningful discovery?
The writing cycle:
Students connect with topic -->Assignments -->Students complete drafts <-->Response to drafts--> Grading/Final response

Free write responses from participants:
Ways to get students to connect with the topic:
Oral presentations before writing
Presentation by expert before assignment Free write followed by sharing of ideas
Focused free write in response to posed questions
Work backwards starting with short writing focus on rhetorical strategies
Readings in class to enable focusing
Mary’s note: These assignments are mostly evaluation-free zones (no grades assigned)

Ways to design assignments:
Give final exam question on the first day of class and discuss it throughout the semester
Provide models of student models (note: Need students’ permission in writing)
(the problem of copying and lack of original thought was raised) Provide a partially written introduction for students to complete
Provide models after first draft Writing Assignments and Grading Rubrics

Writing Assignments and Grading Rubrics

Peter Kaufman’s presentation on use of rubrics and peer assessment

Follow this link for a copy of the rubric
Follow this link for a copy of the peer critique

The basic ideas of the handouts were borrowed from a colleague and then
adjusted to the needs of the area of specialty. The handouts are
generally considered a work in progress.

The rubric:
This handout is given to students to self-grade ahead of time.
They serve as a ‘contract’
Students know what to expect and can examine how well they are connecting with the topic.
The students get significant feedback beyond the rubric
Students’ use for examining feedback
All good on rubric not necessarily makes paper a B- fuzzy areas of grading (content vs. mechanical aspects of the paper)
Peter noted his distaste for giving grades (the ‘necessary evil’).
The rubric helps:
Explain the grade given
Fall back to explain grade when topic is personal

Peer assessment:
Students bring draft to class; the entire class time dedicated to peer critique.
The assessment sheet contains significant space for feedback
There are no grades at this stage
Comments:
The students could look at more than one peer’s paper
One could grade the comments
One could distribute between strong and weak students

Maureen Morrow’s presentation

Follow this link for a copy of the rubric

The major writing assignment for the semester is a laboratory report.
The written communication format of the discipline is rigid and students can end up using all of their energy figuring out the format.
To help students work within the format, I:
1- Provide details of format (rubric)
2- Provide time for much practice with the format in ‘grade-free zones’ (in class writing- the laboratory notebook)
3- Use less lecture, more discussion. In-class brain-storming
4- Provide feedback via multiple and progressive assignments

The feedback/grading time savers I use:
1- Progressive assignments. Initial assignments are in outline type formats--- easier to grade.
2- Most of the in-class, laboratory notebook writing is not graded. Students are invested in the product- their own laboratory notebook.
3- During the in-class writing time, students needing assistance can be approached for coaching. Atmosphere of independent student discussion encouraged.
4- Peer review of first paper draft- many formatting errors corrected at this stage.
5- The rubric and top 10 grammatical errors (from the freshman composition handbook). Avoids need to write the same comments on format errors. Leaves time to comment in depth.

Follow this link for a copy of the 10 most troublesome grammar errors

John Sharp’s presentation

Follow this link for a copy of the rubric
Follow this link for a copy of the assignment

Comments on the deisign of the assignment:
Rubrics (each specific to assignment) are given ahead of time Model papers provided on blackboard
A larger percentage of the final grade is based on the final draft (60%), but first draft and peer review comments are also graded.
Group work and grade are employed for the research process and oral presentation (after paper completed)
Research sources given to the students ahead of time
The advantages of using the rubric:
This makes the assignment more transparent; clear questions are addressed
Repetitive mistakes take time to grade, this can be avoided if the student has the rubric during the paper writing process.
These mistakes can also be easily indicated on the rubric.
Note:
The mechanical aspects of the rubric gets away from real issues of quality
Differential weight given to content aspects allows for better relation of the grades to the holistic interpretation of paper quality.

Tips for Assigning and Grading Writing in Large Classes

Pauline Uchmanowicz

Follow this link to a detailed description of Pauline’s presentation

Do not allow students to ask, “What do you want." Students must frame questions as ‘what is the purpose’, making the professor responsible for the explanation of the assignment.
Make collaborative writing and group grades possible
Providing end comments in the form of questions is useful
Note the professor comments with ‘I’ because the text is not actually read objectively

Designing and Improving Student Writing Assignments

Jan Schmidt

Give assignment ahead of time
Use rubrics ahead of time with student peer review
Use a point system instead of letter grades
Integrate peer review into the midterm
Incases of  student embarrassment instructor can leave the room
Students write summary of peer's paper (with given parameters)
Evaluation the summaries, but start discussion with ‘what do you notice about the paper’
The students learn much in peer review, let them know this

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